· Europe was full of Christians, most of them converted to Islam · Hurun al Rashid ascended the throne of the caliphs · He dazzled the Christians with mosques · nomadic invaders from central Asia via Persia, the Seljuk Turks · their army was able to restore political to reduce caliphate · western Europe and the Islamic world through trade · Spain and southern Italy -> crusades · Muslim weapons such as damascenes swords were highly prized and sometimes copied by Europeans. · Byzantium and orthodox empire · jihads- or holy wars · copts and Nestorians resented the rule of orthodox byzantine, taxed them heavily · Cordoba, Spain was the city of light. The Great mosque of Cordoba · crusades attacked Jerusalem · The Great dome of Rock, where Abraham almost sacrificed his son. · Great learning had been lost to northern Europe during the nomadic invasions after the fall of Rome. · They mastered in Arabic, they had different types of clothes
Many scholars think that Islam was emerged by different religions put together. In Arabic Islam means “submit” and Muslims mean surrender to God. Islam started in Mecca, they city of Prophet Muhammad. Mecca revolved around the Ka’ba, which was the center of trade. In just 100 years became the largest empire the world has ever seen. In Europe there were mainly Christians. Anti-Muslims were called crusades. They attacked Jerusalem in 1099. Saladin was a leader for decades; he reconquered most of the crusades. Saladin’s death in 1193 and the last of the crusaders kingdom were lost with the fall of Acre in 1291. Muslim weapons such as the famous damascene swords were copied by Europeans, who always wanted to improve their methods of making war.
Europeans covered much of Greek learning that had been lost to northern Europe after the fall of Rome. They mastered in Arabic numerals, thus very good at mathematics and science. Europeans had names for their different types of clothes such as taffeta. Architecture in Europe was the Great Mosque of Cordoba, Spain. It was the center of culture and learning. It was called the city of light. The Dome of Rock in Jerusalem is built on a sacred stone like the Ka’ba. Abraham almost sacrifices his son on the stone. The great golden dome was originally made of g old, but was replaced with copper and then aluminum. In summary, Islam expanded in Europe through Cordoba, Toledo, Sicily, and Jerusalem.
Islam in Europe
· Europe was full of Christians, most of them converted to Islam· Hurun al Rashid ascended the throne of the caliphs
· He dazzled the Christians with mosques
· nomadic invaders from central Asia via Persia, the Seljuk Turks
· their army was able to restore political to reduce caliphate
· western Europe and the Islamic world through trade
· Spain and southern Italy -> crusades
· Muslim weapons such as damascenes swords were highly prized and sometimes copied by Europeans.
· Byzantium and orthodox empire
· jihads- or holy wars
· copts and Nestorians resented the rule of orthodox byzantine, taxed them heavily
· Cordoba, Spain was the city of light. The Great mosque of Cordoba
· crusades attacked Jerusalem
· The Great dome of Rock, where Abraham almost sacrificed his son.
· Great learning had been lost to northern Europe during the nomadic invasions after the fall of Rome.
· They mastered in Arabic, they had different types of clothes
Primary sources
http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/1144falljlem.htmlhttp://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/1291acre.html
http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/med/shahid.html
Map of important cities in Europe
Summary on spread of Islam in Europe
Many scholars think that Islam was emerged by different religions put together. In Arabic Islam means “submit” and Muslims mean surrender to God. Islam started in Mecca, they city of Prophet Muhammad. Mecca revolved around the Ka’ba, which was the center of trade. In just 100 years became the largest empire the world has ever seen. In Europe there were mainly Christians. Anti-Muslims were called crusades. They attacked Jerusalem in 1099. Saladin was a leader for decades; he reconquered most of the crusades. Saladin’s death in 1193 and the last of the crusaders kingdom were lost with the fall of Acre in 1291. Muslim weapons such as the famous damascene swords were copied by Europeans, who always wanted to improve their methods of making war.
Europeans covered much of Greek learning that had been lost to northern Europe after the fall of Rome. They mastered in Arabic numerals, thus very good at mathematics and science. Europeans had names for their different types of clothes such as taffeta.
Architecture in Europe was the Great Mosque of Cordoba, Spain. It was the center of culture and learning. It was called the city of light. The Dome of Rock in Jerusalem is built on a sacred stone like the Ka’ba. Abraham almost sacrifices his son on the stone. The great golden dome was originally made of g old, but was replaced with copper and then aluminum.
In summary, Islam expanded in Europe through Cordoba, Toledo, Sicily, and Jerusalem.
By: Warda Khurram